Birth Control

       The simplest form of family is the husband and wife without

Children. Since there are now reliable methods of birth control,

A man and woman may decide before marriage that they will not

Have children. They may wish to devote all their time and energy

To their careers. Other couples may wish to have children but be

unable to do so. They may devote themselves to each other, become

volunteers in children’s organization, adopt one or more children, or

become foster parents.

        Birth control is widely practiced today. The population

Explosion, the greatly reduced infant mortality, the growing

Participation of women in profitable occupations and social and

Political activities, and the threat of famine in overpopulated areas,

Have all made birth control a universally accepted practice

(praktek yang diterima secara umum).

         What will happen if birth control isn’t made a universally

Accepted practice? The rapid population growth will take place,

Many persons fear that population will grow faster than the

Resources – such as food, fuel, and housing – needed to support

All the people. If his should happen, the first result would be lower

Standards of living.  

          In industrialized countries, more people now live in towns and

Cities than in rural areas. In cities, people are crowded into limited

Space, usually in apartments, one on top of another in tall buildings.

Play space is lacking both indoors and outdoors. Playgrounds and

Park may be at a distance. Family life is therefore carried on with

Members close to each other. Tensions may arise. Many children

May make some women feel overwhelmed by the task. There were

Many tasks for women to do, and their time was fully occupied in

Caring for children and keeping the household running smoothly.

To add income some women work part-time or full-time to help

Support the family. Husbands and wives who have had two children

Are advised to implement birth control to prevent the rapid population

Growth, poor standards of living, tensions in the household and extreme

Scarcity of food.

                      Traffic control

        Have you ever been caught in a traffic jam?

It is a experience and one you are unlikely to forget. Trucks,

Gardens. There’s lots of shade in the gardens and it’s quite.

Some people say that it is a very good place for a picnic. It’s

Shady everywhere and the scenery is beautiful. The guide will

Explain everything about the gardens. You will see a glass house.

It is full of colourful orchids. Different kinds of orchids are

Planted and the planters and the gardeners try to get other kinds

Of orchids from the ones that they have. They’ve been doing this

For many years, and now they have more than one thousands

Kinds of orchids.

          The water lilies are also interesting. There are three

Different colours of them on the water. The flowers only bloom

In the morning and evening when the sun is not too hot for them.

Water and its Environment

         Water is the most common substance on earth and the most

Important. All living things depend on water. Water also helps create

Our weather, and flowing water changes the face of the earth. For

People, water helps grow crops, drives machinery, and provides

Transportation and recreation.

          People use far more water than the amount they need to stay

Alive. We need water to drink, and we use water to wash ourselves ,

Our clothes, and our dishes, to brush our teeth; to cook our food; and

In many other ways.

           Water is essential for growing crops. In some areas the land

Does not get enough rain or it gets rain at the wrong time of year for

Farming. Farmers may supply the needed water through irrigation.

           People must have fresh water for almost all their water

Requirements but the salty water of the ocean accounts for about

97 percent of all the water on earth. Most of the remaining 3 percent

Which is fresh (unsalty) water – is frozen in polar ice caps or glaciers

Or is circulating as water vapour. Ocean water, ice and water vapour

Do not satisfy the needs of people.

            Efforts must be taken to prevent water and its environment from

Being polluted. People have polluted (dirtied) their water supplies and

Made them unfit to use. Some steps have been taken to reduce water

Pollution. The most serious water pollutants are sewage, detergents,

Insecticides and oil. Today people have begun to work toward solving

These water problems. 

  

                               Aviation

       For thousands of years people dreamed of having the ability

To fly. Now flying is a part of everyday life.

       Aviation has brought truly revolutionary changes, especially

Since World War II. For one thing, the aeroplane has shrunk the

World in terms of travel time. No place in the world is more than

24 hours away from any other by air. A traveler can board a plane

In New York and arrive in London in less than four hours. This trip

Would have taken several days on the fastest ocean liner before

World War II. (it took Columbus 70 days to sail from Spain to the

West Indies). It is not unusual for business executives to fly to a

Meeting several hundred kilometers away – and return home the

Same day.

        Aeroplanes also are useful to industry. They speed goods from

Factories to waiting customers in a fraction of the time it would

Take by train or truck. Aeroplanes take vaccines, antibiotics, and

Other lifesaving drugs, as well as food, to victims of earthquakes,

Floods, and other disasters. Aeroplanes are used to round up cattle

And to spray crops. The growth of aviation has led to new occupation

Calling for special skills and has created new job opportunities.

         Aviation has made other changes, too. It has made war more

Devastating than was ever imagined in the past. Supersonic bombers

And missiles can carry deadly weapons to any spot on the globe.

         Aviation is bringing the peoples of the world closer together

And helping them to understand one another better. And aviation

Makes it possible for the leaders of nations to meet quickly face to face

To settle emergencies. Finally, the aeroplane and its “child”, the space

Vehicle, have opened new areas for exploration and discovery in outer

Space.

                          Home Industries

        One of the home industries that had grown up in Indonesia and

Is becoming increasingly prosperous is Batik Industry. Batik is one of

Indonesia’s most beautiful cultural heritage. This beautifully – design

Cloth is well-known throughout the world. Batik originated in Central

Java. The finest batiks come from Yogyakarta, Solo, and Pekalongan.

However, every region in the country has its own batik patterns. More

And more batiks with various kinds of designs are being produced for

Export to other countries. Most often the cloth (= kain) is decorated

With beautiful coloured designs, which are drawn or hand-stamped on

The cloth as part of the batik dyeing process. The batik designs have

Often been imitated by Western textile designers.

         Another highly developed craft is silverwork. Centres of this craft

Are located in Java, Bali, Sumatra and Sulawesi.

         The art of plaiting has developed into an important home industry

In Indonesia. The materials used include bamboo rattan, pandan and

Palm leaves. The centre of bamboo craft Tasikmalaya, in West Java.

          Horn-carving is a popular handicraft in Pucang near Magelang.

The population here are skilled in this art and they make their living

By carving things from the horns of buffaloes or cows.

          The life of the workers in the home or cottage industries is a

Pleasant one. The boss is like the father of a family and is generally

Kind. The cottage is in the country, with plenty of fresh air.       

Badminton

        Badminton is a fast game played with rackets and a shuttlecock

On a wood, dirt, or grass court. The court is somewhat like a tennis

Court, but smaller. The shuttlecock is hit back and forth over a net

5 feet high. It must be returned before it strikes the court. The game can

Be played by two persons (singles) or four persons (doubles). It is a very

Adaptable game and can be played both indoors and outdoors. Official

Tournaments are played indoors. The outdoor game is more suitable

For family enjoyment at home.

        Badminton became popular in England, and in the 1890’s the

Badminton Association was formed. In 1934 the international Badminton

Federation was organized.

        There are two international badminton championship: the Thomas

Cup competition for men, which began in 1948, and the Uber Cup for

Women, which began in 1957. Indonesia, Malaysia, Denmark have

Dominated the men’s event, and England and Indonesia the women’s

Competition.